Sanitary Napkins or Sanitary pads is an absorbent pad of cotton and cellulose, worn by women during monthly menstruation or Sanitary Napkins are a disposable pad of absorbent material worn to absorb menstrual flow.
A tampon is a plug of cotton or other absorbent material inserted into a body cavity or wound to absorb bodily fluid. The most common type in daily use (and the topic of the remainder of this article) is a usually disposable plug that is designed to be inserted into the vagina during menstruation to absorb the flow of blood. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates tampons as medical devices.
Panty Liner - Designed to absorb daily vaginal discharge, light menstrual flow, "spotting", slight urinary incontinence.
Ultra-thin - A very thin (compact) pad, which may be as absorbent as a Regular or Maxi/Super pad but with less bulk.
Regular - A middle range absorbency pad. Most used by the women.
Maxi / Super - A larger absorbency pad, useful for the start of the menstrual cycle when menstruation is often heaviest.
Night - A longer pad to allow for more protection while the wearer is lying down, the size is little longer than regular pad, Night pads with an absorbency suitable for overnight use.
Maternity - These are usually slightly longer than a maxi/Super pad and are designed to be worn to absorb lochia (bleeding that occurs after childbirth). Special design for women after childbirth, vaginal surgeries or abortion.
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Regular Sanitary Napkins |
Ultra-thin Sanitary Napkins |
Night Use Sanitary Napkins |
Panty Liner |
Sanitary napkins are normally made up of three layers: surface layer, absorbent layer and underlying layer. The choice of sanitary napkins should be based on considerations relating to the materials and functions of these three layers.
Before manufactured/disposable sanitary napkins became available and affordable, women made their own sanitary napkins by sewing or folding absorbent cloth into thick pads. They attached them to some sort of belt with loops, pins or clasps. The sanitary napkins would be washed and re-used many times.

Pictures Source: http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/rags/homemade_napkins.asp

Articles Source:
Consumers Association Of Penang. July 2002. Utusan Konsumer. Page 5. Georgetown: Consumers Association Of Penang.

To make a sanitary pad, wood pulp fibers are first dispersed in water in large tub. Most of the chemical s and dyes required are added at this stage. The pulp is then scraped and brushed and inserted with air to make fleecy.
The average women use approximately 15,000 pads over the course of her lifetime. The effect of continual exposure to dioxin, which is forever stored in fat cells, may become cumulative and deadly.
Full Article at Sanitary Pads - A silent Health Threat